What is CRISPR
What is CRISPR?
- CRISPR naturally occurs in bacteria and archaea as a defence system against invading viruses.
- When bacteria survive a viral attack, they incorporate pieces of the virus’s DNA into their genomes.
- Those viral segments and the genetic pattern between them are the ‘Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats’ (CRISPR).
- If the virus attacks again, the bacteria use those CRISPR segments as a template to create strands of RNA that home in on the corresponding sequence of the viral genome.
- The CRISPR RNA carries along a protein – Cas9 – to the target location on the viral DNA and disables the virus by cutting its DNA.
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