SHORT NOTES FOR PRELIMS 2021

1. WHAT IS PPP MODEL

• A public-private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a cooperative arrangement between two or more public and private sectors, typically of a long-term nature.
• In other words, it involves government(s) and business(es) that work together to complete a project and/or to provide services to the population.

How does a PPP work?

• A public-private partnership (PPP) is a very particular type of contract whereby the public partner (government entity) delegates some of its own responsibilities to a private partner under a long-term contract that defines the rights and obligations of each party during the term as well as the mechanisms for its financial re-equilibrium arising from unforeseen events or lack of compliance of the parties.

2. WHAT IS PM ATMANIRBHAR SWASTH BHARAT YOJANA

• PMAtma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana to be launched to develop capacities in the health care system over 6 years.
• A new centrally sponsored scheme, PM Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana, will be launched with an outlay of about 64,180 crores over 6 years.
• This will be in addition to the National Health Mission

Objective:

• PM Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana aims at developing the capacities of the primary, secondary, and tertiary health sector.
• The scheme will focus on strengthening the existing national institutions as well as create new institutions for detecting and curing new and emerging diseases.
• It will be an addition to NHM- National Health Mission.

3. PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJANA

• With the tagline “Swachh Indhan, Behtar Jeevan“, Union Government has launched a social welfare scheme “Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana” (PMUY) on 1^stMay 2016 under the leadership of Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.
• The scheme envisages of smoke-free Rural India and aims to benefit five crore families especially the women living below the poverty line (BPL) by providing concessional LPG connections to entire nation by 2019.
• The scheme will increase the usage of LPG and would help in reducing health disorders, air pollution and deforestation.
• Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas is implementing the scheme.

Objectives

• To promote women empowerment
• To provide a healthy cooking fuel
• To prevent hazards health-related issues among the millions of rural population due to use of fossil fuel.

Eligibility Criteria

• The applicant should be women above the age of 18 years.
• The applicant must be a rural inhabitant carrying a BPL
• The women applicant should have a saving bank account in any nationalized bank across the country to receive subsidy amount.
• The applicant’s household should not already own an LPG connection.

4. WHAT IS JAL JEEVAN MISSION?

• The Jal ShaktiAbhiyan was launched by the Ministry of Jal Shakti in 2019.
• It is a campaign for water conservation and water security in the country through a collaborative effort of various ministries of the Government of India and state governments. The focus of the campaign is on water-stressed districts and blocks.

What is the aim of Jal Jeevan mission?

• Jal Jeevan Mission is envisioned to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India.

5. WHAT IS AERO INDIA 2021?

• Aero India is a biennial air show and aviation exhibition held in Bengaluru, India at the Yelahanka Air Force Station.
• It is organized by the Defence Exhibition Organisation, Ministry of Defence.
• Aero India exhibition is organized every alternate year. It is one of the major exhibitions for aerospace and defence industries with a public air show.
• It enables industry professionals to gain market insights, announce new developments and gain media coverage.
• Aero India offers a unique platform to the international aviation sector to bolster business.
• Aero India 2021 is the 13th edition of Aero India being organised at Bengaluru, Karnataka from 03 – 05 February 2021.
• Aero India 2021 provides an opportunity to demonstrate products to the potential customer and investors.
• In Aero India, 2021 Exhibitors are likely to showcase their products using the latest technologies to potential customers.
• This is an important international event likely to be attended by thousands of business visitors and lakh general visitors.

6. WHAT IS THE CYBER PREVENTION AWARENESS DETECTION (CYPAD)

• The National Cyber Forensic Lab (NCFL) is part of the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) initiative and CyPAD is the Delhi Police’s cybercrime unit. Cyber Prevention, Awareness & Detection Centre Cyber Prevention, Awareness & Detection  Centre Cyber Prevention, Awareness & Detection.

7. WHAT IS THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL?

• The National Green Tribunal, established in 2010, as per the National Green Tribunal Act is a specialized judicial body equipped with expertise solely for the purpose of adjudicating environmental cases in the country.
• Recognizing that most environment cases involve multi-disciplinary issues which are better addressed in a specialized forum, the Tribunal was set up as per recommendations of the Supreme Court, Law Commission and India’s international law obligations to develop national laws on the environment and implement them effectively.
• The Tribunal is tasked with providing an effective and expeditious remedy in cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests and other natural resources and enforcement of any legal right relating to environment. The Tribunal’s orders are binding and it has the power to grant relief in the form of compensation and damages to affected persons.

What is the Tribunal’s composition?

• The Tribunal has a presence in five zones- North, Central, East, South and West. The Principal Bench is situated in the North Zone, headquartered in Delhi.
• The Central zone bench is situated in Bhopal, East zone in Kolkata, South zone in Chennai and West zone in Pune.
• The Tribunal is headed by the Chairperson who sits in the Principal Bench and has at least ten but not more than twenty judicial members and at least ten but not more than twenty expert members.

8. WHAT IS THE CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB)

• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is a statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
• Established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and later entrusted with functions and responsibilities under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

Water Pollution:

• Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution is caused when water bodies such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater, and aquifers get contaminated with industrial and agricultural effluents.

Air Pollution:

• Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical, or biological change in the air.
• It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust, and smoke which affects plants, animals, and humans drastically.
• It coordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards by providing technical assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes among them.

9. WHAT IS SAFAR

• The System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) is a national initiative introduced by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) to measure the air quality of a metropolitan city, by measuring the overall pollution level and the location-specific air quality of the city.

10. WHAT IS THE TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF INDIA?

• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is a statutory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997.
• It is the regulator of the telecommunications sector in India.

What is the role of TRAI?

• The main purpose of these two institutions established under the TRAI Act is to regulate telecommunication services, adjudicate disputes, dispose of appeals and protect the interest of the service providers as well as the consumers.
• The Act also aims at promoting and ensuring orderly growth of the telecom sector.

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February Current Affairs Notes for UPSC IAS Civil services examination 2021. All Latest Important Current Affairs study materials for UPSC Prelims exam 2021.