IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS NOTES

SHORT NOTES

Table of Contents

What is Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FED)

What is meant by flue gas?

What is used for flue gas desulfurization?

What is the composition of flue gas?

Is flue gas harmful?

Why is flue gas desulfurization important?

Where is Karlapat wildlife sanctuary?

Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary famous for

Which is the famous wildlife sanctuary located in Odisha?

How many wildlife sanctuary are there in Odisha?

Which is the biggest wildlife sanctuary in India?

Which is the largest national park in Odisha?

Which state has the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries?

What is Stratosphere layer?

Interesting Stratosphere Facts

Is the stratosphere hot or cold?

Can birds fly in the stratosphere?

What is Quad group?

Significance of the grouping

1. What is Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FED)

Flue–gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration.

What is meant by flue gas?

Flue gas (sometimes called exhaust gas or stack gas) is the gas that emanates from combustion plants and which contains the reaction products of fuel and combustion air and residual substances such as particulate matter (dust), sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide

What is used for flue gas desulfurization?

Lime plays a key role in many air pollution control applications. Lime is used to remove acidic gases, particularly sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), from flue gases. Lime-based technology is also being evaluated for the removal of mercury.

What is the composition of flue gas?

Flue gases are a mixture of combustion products including water vapor, carbon dioxide, particulates, heavy metals, and acidic gases generated from direct (incineration) or indirect (gasification and pyrolysis) oxidation of RDF or intermediate syngas.

Is flue gas harmful?

Caring for Your Chimneys & Flues When gas and oil burned for heat, the dangerous fumes produced range from soot (particulate matter), to nitrogen dioxide (also toxic), to acidic water vapors formed when moisture condenses. None of these pollutants should be allowed to leak from the chimney into your living space.

Why is flue gas desulfurization important?

Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Processes. In many plants it is necessary to remove sulfur from the flue gases after the combustion process to meet environmental requirements.

2. Where is Karlapat wildlife sanctuary?

Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Kalahandi district and a popular tourist attraction of Odisha in India. Karlapat The sanctuary covers an area of 175 square kilometres.

Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary famous for:

Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a plethora wildlife animals and birds. The sanctuary is rich in wildlife such as leopard, gaur, sambar, nilgai, barking deer, mouse deer,soft claws ottawa, a wide variety of birds and reptiles.

Which is the famous wildlife sanctuary located in Odisha?

Of course the most popular wildlife sanctuary in Odisha is Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary, this place is home to numerous migratory birds, and is a great place for a visit. Numerous tourists come here to witness the beauty of nature, and of course this is every bird watcher’s paradise.

How many wildlife sanctuary are there in Odisha?

Odisha is known for its abundant biodiversity. By the way, there are 21 wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha

Which is the biggest wildlife sanctuary in India?

Kaziranga National Park, located in the Golaghat district of Assam is the largest wildlife sanctuaries in India.

Which is the largest national park in Odisha?

Simlipal is the largest national park in Odisha and is also considered as one of the principal tiger projects in India. The area is rich with dense forests, striking meadows, startling waterfalls and beautiful rivers.

Which state has the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries?

The union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India had the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries in 2019.

3. What is Stratosphere layer?

This layer lies in between the troposphere and mesosphere. It is the stratified (layered) in temperature. The warmer layers are at height while the cooler layers close to Earth. Ozone Layer is also a part of this layer of atmosphere.

The stratosphere is where you’ll find the very important ozone layer. The ozone layer helps protect us from ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. In fact, the ozone layer absorbs most of the UV radiation the sun sends to us.

Interesting Stratosphere Facts:

The stratosphere accounts for approximately 24% of the earth’s total atmosphere. The stratosphere contains approximately 19% of the earth’s total atmospheric gases. 90% of the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere’s upper crust.

Is the stratosphere hot or cold?

Heat is produced in the process of the formation of Ozone and this heat is responsible for temperature increases from an average -60°F (-51°C) at tropopause to a maximum of about 5°F (-15°C) at the top of the stratosphere. This increase in temperature with height means warmer air is located above cooler air.

Can birds fly in the stratosphere?

Because bacterial life can survive in the stratosphere, this layer of the atmosphere belongs to the biosphere. Some species of birds have even been reported to fly in the lower levels of the stratosphere.

4. What is Quad group?

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue is an informal strategic forum between the United States, Japan, Australia and India that is maintained by semi-regular summits, information exchanges and military drills between member countries.

Significance of the grouping:

• Quad is an opportunity for like-minded countries to share notes and collaborate on projects of mutual interest.
• Members share a vision of an open and free Indo-Pacific. Each is involved in the development and economic projects as well as in promoting maritime domain awareness and maritime security.
• It is one of the many avenues for interaction among India, Australia, Japan and the US and should not be seen in an exclusive context

Try to solve quiz based on the above topics

February 2021 Current Affairs Quiz UPSC-XIII

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1. Question 1 of 5

   1. Question

   Q. Consider the following statements about ‘Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FED)’:
   1. FGD is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide.
   2. Burning of fossil fuels by power plants is/are the major source of sulfur dioxide.
   3. People with asthma, particularly children, are sensitive to these effects of SO2.

   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   • (a) 1 only
   • (b) 2 and 3 only
   • (c) 1 and 2 only
   • (d) 1, 2 and 3
   Correct
   

   ans.d

   Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FED)
   Removal of Sulfur Dioxide is called as Flue-gas Desulphurization (FGD).
   It seeks to remove gaseous pollutants viz. SO2 from exhaust flue gases generated in furnaces, boilers, and other industrial processes due to thermal processing, treatment, and combustion.
   Sulfur Dioxide Pollution

   Source
   The largest source of SO2 : Burning of fossil fuels by power plants and other industrial facilities.
   Smaller sources of SO2 : Industrial processes such as extracting metal from ore; natural sources such as volcanoes; and locomotives, ships and other vehicles and heavy equipment that burn fuel with a high sulfur content.

   Impact
   Short-term exposures to SO2 can harm the human respiratory system and make breathing difficult.
   People with asthma, particularly children, are sensitive to these effects of SO2.
   SO2 emissions that lead to high concentrations of SO2 in the air generally also lead to the formation of other sulfur oxides (SOx). SOx can react with other compounds in the atmosphere to form small particles.
   These particles contribute to particulate matter (PM) pollution.

   Incorrect
   

   ans.d

   Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FED)
   Removal of Sulfur Dioxide is called as Flue-gas Desulphurization (FGD).
   It seeks to remove gaseous pollutants viz. SO2 from exhaust flue gases generated in furnaces, boilers, and other industrial processes due to thermal processing, treatment, and combustion.
   Sulfur Dioxide Pollution

   Source
   The largest source of SO2 : Burning of fossil fuels by power plants and other industrial facilities.
   Smaller sources of SO2 : Industrial processes such as extracting metal from ore; natural sources such as volcanoes; and locomotives, ships and other vehicles and heavy equipment that burn fuel with a high sulfur content.

   Impact
   Short-term exposures to SO2 can harm the human respiratory system and make breathing difficult.
   People with asthma, particularly children, are sensitive to these effects of SO2.
   SO2 emissions that lead to high concentrations of SO2 in the air generally also lead to the formation of other sulfur oxides (SOx). SOx can react with other compounds in the atmosphere to form small particles.
   These particles contribute to particulate matter (PM) pollution.
2. Question 2 of 5

   2. Question

   Q. Karlapat wildlife sanctuary, which was making news recently, is located in which state/UT?

   • (a) Odisha
   • (b) Bihar
   • (c) Uttar Pradesh
   • (d) Uttarakhand
   Correct
   

   ans.a
   Recently, six elephants died of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) in Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary located in Odisha’s Kalahandi district.

   Incorrect
   

   ans.a
   Recently, six elephants died of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) in Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary located in Odisha’s Kalahandi district.
3. Question 3 of 5

   3. Question

   Q. Consider the following statements about ‘Stratosphere’
   1. The layer lies in between the troposphere and mesosphere.
   2. It is the stratified (layered) in temperature.
   3. Ozone Layer is also a part of this layer of the atmosphere.

   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   • (a) 1 only
   • (b) 2 and 3 only
   • (c) 1 and 3 only
   • (d) 1, 2 and 3
   Correct
   

   ans.d

   Stratosphere
   This layer lies in between the troposphere and mesosphere. It is stratified (layered) in temperature. The warmer layers are at height while the cooler layers close to Earth. Ozone Layer is also a part of this layer of the atmosphere.

   Incorrect
   

   ans.d

   Stratosphere
   This layer lies in between the troposphere and mesosphere. It is stratified (layered) in temperature. The warmer layers are at height while the cooler layers close to Earth. The ozone Layer is also a part of this layer of the atmosphere.
4. Question 4 of 5

   4. Question

   Q. ‘QUAD’ is a group of four countries: India, United States, Japan and …………………?

   • (a) Australia
   • (b) Russia
   • (c) Canada
   • (d) South Africa
   Correct
   

   ans.a
   Recently, Jaishankar and Antony Blinken held a “comprehensive” conversation, focusing on developments in the Indo-Pacific as well as cooperation under the framework of the Quad.

   Jaishankar said the two leaders discussed the situation in Myanmar after the military coup against the civilian government.

   Jaishankar and Secretary Blinken had held their first telephonic talks on January 29 during which they resolved to consolidate and expand the India-US strategic partnership.

   Incorrect
   

   ans.a
   Recently, Jaishankar and Antony Blinken held a “comprehensive” conversation, focusing on developments in the Indo-Pacific as well as cooperation under the framework of the Quad.

   Jaishankar said the two leaders discussed the situation in Myanmar after the military coup against the civilian government.

   Jaishankar and Secretary Blinken had held their first telephonic talks on January 29 during which they resolved to consolidate and expand the India-US strategic partnership.
5. Question 5 of 5

   5. Question

   Q. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) is a scheme implemented under which Union Ministry?

   • (a) Ministry of Agriculture
   • (b) Ministry of Rural Development
   • (c) Ministry of Food Processing Industries
   • (d) Ministry of Fisheries
   Correct
   

   ans.a

   Incorrect
   

   ans.a

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