IAS-IPS Exam Quiz with Answer

Q. Which one of the following may be the true characteristic of cyclones?
(a) Temperate cyclones move from west to east with westerlies whereas tropical cyclones follow trade winds.
(b) The front side of cyclone is know as the ‘eye of cyclone’.
(c) Cyclones possess a centre of high pressure surrounded by closed isobars.
(d) Hurricanes are well-known tropical cyclones that develop over mid-latitudes.

ans.a
Temperate Cyclone

  • These cyclones move from west to east
  • Temperate cyclone affect a much larger area
  • The velocity of air is comparatively lower
  • Temperate cyclones can be formed on both land and sea
  • Temperate cyclone can last for a duration of 15 to 20 days

Q. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Urea is produced in the liver.
(b) Urea is produced in the blood.
(c) Urea is produced from the digestion of starch.
(d) Urea is produced in the lung and kidney.

ans.a

  • Urea is produced in the liver and is a metabolite (breakdown product) of amino acids.
  • Ammonium ions are formed in the breakdown of amino acids. Some are used in the biosynthesis of nitrogen compounds. Excess ammonium ions are converted to urea.

Q. Which one of the following statements regarding haemoglobin is correct?
(a) Haemoglobin present in RBC can carry only oxygen but not carbon dioxide.
(b) Haemoglobin of RBC can carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
(c) Haemoglobin of RBC can carry only carbon dioxide.
(d) Haemoglobin is only used for blood clotting and not for carrying gases.

ans.b
Blood

  • It transports substances like digested food from the small intestine to the other parts of the body. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body. It also transports waste for removal from the body.
  • Blood is a liquid, which has cells of various kinds suspended in it. The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.
  • One type of cells are the red blood cells (RBC) which contain a red pigment called haemoglobin.
  • Haemoglobin bind with oxygen and transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells. The presence of haemoglobin makes blood appear red.

Blood Vessels

  • They are two types of blood vessels namely arteries and veins.
  • Veins are the blood vessels that carry carbon dioxide-rich blood (impure blood) from all parts of the body back to the heart.
  • The pulmonary vein is an exception as it carries oxygen-rich blood (pure blood) from lungs to heart. The veins have thin walls.
  • Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to all parts of the body.
  • The pulmonary artery is an exception as it carries carbon dioxide-rich blood from heart to lungs.
  • The arteries have thick walls as the pressure acting on then is high.

Plasma

  • Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55 per cent of the blood.
  • 90-92 per cent of plasma is water and proteins contribute 6-8 per cent of it.
  • Plasma also contains small amounts of minerals like Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3-, Cl-, etc. Glucose, amino acids, lipids, etc., are also present in the plasma as they are always in transit in the body.

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

  • Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant of all the cells in blood.
  • A healthy adult man has, on an average, 5 million to 5.5 million of RBCs mm-3 of blood.
  • RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults. RBCs are devoid of nucleus in most of the mammals and are biconcave in shape.

White Blood Cells (WBC)

  • Leucocytes are also known as white blood cells (WBC) as they are colorless due to the lack of haemoglobin.
  • They are nucleated and are relatively lesser in number which averages 6000-8000 mm-3 of blood.

Platelets

  • Platelets also called thrombocytes, are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow).
  • Blood normally contains 1,500,00-3,500,00 platelets mm-3.
  • Platelets can release a variety of substances most of which are involved in the coagulation or clotting of blood.

Q. Which one of the following is not correct about the Sargasso Sea?
(a) It is characterized with anticyclonic circulation of ocean currents.
(b) It records the highest salinity in the Atlantic Ocean.
(c) It is located west to Gulf Stream and east of Canary Current.
(d) It confined in gyre of calm and motionless water.

ans.c
About Sargasso Sea

  • The Sargasso Sea is a vast patch of ocean named for a genus of free-floating seaweed called Sargassum.
  • The Sargasso Sea is unique in that it harbors species of sargassum that are ‘holopelagi’ – this means that the algae not only freely float around the ocean, but it reproduces vegetatively on the high seas (Other seaweeds reproduce and begin life on the floor of the ocean).
  • While all other seas in the world are defined at least in part by land boundaries, the Sargasso Sea is defined only by ocean currents.
  • It is bounded on the west by the Gulf Stream, north, by the North Atlantic Current, east, by the Canary Current and south, by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current.
  • This system of ocean currents forms the North Atlantic Gyre.
  • It is the only sea on Earth which has no coastline.

Importance of the Sea:

  • Turtles use sargassum mats as nurseries where hatchlings have food and shelter.
  • Sargassum also provides essential habitat for shrimp, crab, fish, and other marine species that have adapted specifically to these floating algae.
  • The Sargasso Sea is a spawning site for threatened and endangered eels, as well as white marlin, porbeagle shark, and dolphinfish.
  • Humpback whales annually migrate through the Sargasso Sea.
  • Commercial fish, such as tuna, and birds also migrate through the Sargasso Sea and depend on it for food.

Q. Which one of the following statements regarding histone proteins is correct?
(a) Histones are proteins that are present in the mitochondrial membrane.
(b) Histones are proteins that are present in the nucleus in association with DNA.
(c) Histones are proteins associated with lipids in the cytosol.
(d) Histones are proteins associated with carbohydrates in the cytosol.

ans.b

  • Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it into chromatin.
  • Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands; it is highly condensed and wrapped around histones in order to fit inside of the nucleus and take part in the formation of chromosomes.

 

Arise, awake, and,

stop not till the goal is reached.

Swami Vivekananda

 

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